E-collars are commonly used to reduce or prevent canine predation or aggression. With reference to welfare concerns, the justification is that predation behavior is life-threatening for both dog and attacked animal. An example is e-collar training to prevent hunting dogs from attacking kiwi [in New Zealand; ]. An intense electric...

The decision to feed wet food depends on an individual puppy’s needs and an owner’s preferences and budget. It tends to cost more than kibble and needs to be refrigerated and used within a few days to prevent spoiling. Without sturdy adult teeth, they can struggle to munch on dry...